活性炭纤维上4-氯酚及焦化废水尾水的O3催化氧化降解实验研究

选择YT-1000型活性炭纤维（ACF）作为催化剂，考察ACF与O₃协同作用催化降解水溶液中4-氯酚的最佳反应条件，并将该条件应用于焦化废水生物处理尾水中难降解有机污染物的催化氧化。ACF表面具有丰富的微孔结构，对4-氯酚有良好的吸附作用，在动力学上提高了其与O3反应的起始浓度，并且在ACF表面含氧、含氮等基团的催化作用下发生氧化反应，1 L浓度为100 mg/L的4-氯酚水样中投加2 g ACF反应6 min时，吸附作用对TOC的去除率为43.4%，而ACF协同O₃作用时的TOC去除率提高到72.5%，协同增效作用为67.1%；在选定的反应条件下，ACF协同O₃降解焦化废水生物处理尾水，60 min时的TOC与色度的去除率分别达到56.8%和96.3%。上述研究过程证明了吸附作用与催化作用的协同能有效降解生物过程不能降解的焦化废水中惰性有机污染物。     

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols from coking wastewater by simultaneously synthesized organobentonite in a one-step process

The optimal condition for a one-step process removing organic compounds from coking wastewater by simultaneously synthesized organobentonite as a pretreatment was investigated. Results showed that sorption of organic compounds by organobentonite was positively correlated to the cation surfactant exchange on the bentonite and the octanol-water partition coefficient (K_ow) of the solutes. With 0.75 g/L bentonite and 180 mg/L (60% of bentonite cation exchange capacity) cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, the removal efficiencies of the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) specified by the US Environmental Protection Agency in coking wastewater except naphthalene were more than 90%, and that of benzo(a)pyrene was 99.5%. At the same time, the removal efficiencies of COD_Cr, NH₃-N, volatile phenols, colour and turbidity were 28.6%, 13.2%, 8.9%, 55% and 84.3%, respectively, and the ratio of BOD₅/COD_Cr increased from 0.31 to 0.41. These results indicated that the one-step process had high removal efficiency for toxic and refractory hydrophobic organic compounds, and could improve the biodegradability of the coking wastewater. Therefore it could be a promising technology for the pretreatment of toxic and refractory organic wastewater.     

地下空间在节能减排中的应用及展望

在能源短缺和环境污染的双重压力下,我国出台多项措施加大节能减排力度。总结概括了地下空间的几种类型,认为盐岩洞穴、废弃矿洞、废弃油井、枯竭油气层等地下空间经过技术改造,可以埋存CO2、固体垃圾、废弃核原料,储存油气,地热利用等,能创造可观的社会价值和环境保护效益,可作为节能减排的一种有效措施。以山东地区为例,调研分析了山东多处地下空间利用现状,给出了地下空间的三种发展方向。     

贵州喀斯特山地农业系统不同种植区休耕地土壤水溶性氮素组成及分布特征

选择贵州喀斯特山地农业系统不同种植区休耕地土壤作为研究对象,对其水溶性氮素组成及分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:休耕地土壤SON含量范围为4. 11～14. 34 mg/kg,平均含量为8. 62 mg/kg。不同种植区休耕地土壤SON含量存在较大差异,但差异不显著(p0. 05),SON占TSN的比例差异极显著(p0. 01),传统农业种植区SON的变异较大,其它种植区的较小。水溶性氮素组成以SON和NH_4~+-N为主,不同种植区的NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N占SIN的比例差异不显著(p0. 05),而两者占TSN及SIN占TSN的比例差异极显著(p0. 01)。传统农业种植区表层和深层土壤SIN的含量都要比其它种植区高,SON则相反,说明不同类型的农业对土壤氮的影响不同。不同种植区表层土NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N、TSN、SON含量差异极显著(p0. 01)。除了打通种植区,其它种植区NH_4~+-N含量随着土层的增加总体上表现出下降的规律。除了大冲种植区在0～30 cm深度先增加后降低的规律外,其它种植区NO_3~--N含量自土壤表层到30 cm深度,随着土层的增加而增加,自30 cm深度往下,随着土层的增加而下降。TSN和SON中,除了青岩种植区随着土壤表层到20 cm深度处降低外,其它种植区随着土壤表层到20 cm深度处先增加,然后从20 cm深度往下随着土层的增加再降低。SON容易向下淋失,不易在土层深部发生积累,造成氮素的流失和带来环境污染风险,应引起重视。     

典型酿造业厂界无组织排放VOCs污染特征与风险评价

为探明酿造企业厂界无组织排放VOCs的浓度特征、恶臭污染及健康风险,采用便携式气相色谱-质谱仪对典型酿造企业醋厂和酒厂厂界无组织排放VOCs进行监测,分析研究其VOCs的浓度水平和组成特征,采用阈稀释倍数和感官测定法对VOCs进行恶臭分析,并进行了健康风险评价.结果表明,醋厂和酒厂厂界无组织排放VOCs的总浓度分别为0.968 mg·m~(-3)和0.293 mg·m~(-3).醋厂排放的VOCs中乙酸乙酯和乙酸含量较高,分别占总VOCs的76.3%和13.5%.酒厂排放的VOCs中以乙醇和己酸乙酯为主,分别占总VOCs的56.3%和30.4%.含氧VOCs是酿造企业污染源排放的主要组分.两厂总恶臭指数均大于1,表明其无组织VOCs排放对大气环境存在恶臭污染,且其臭气浓度均超过恶臭污染物厂界标准限值.醋厂和酒厂VOCs致癌风险指数分别为2.45×10~(-6)和5.25×10~(-6),超过了EPA致癌风险值(1.0×10~(-6)),但未超过OSHA致癌风险值(1.0×10~(-3))_及ICRP最大可接受的风险值(5.0×10~(-5)).     

厂内铁路、公路道口信号微机控制系统

介绍了铁路道口信号、公路交通信号并存出现矛盾时的一种解决方法及控制模式,就控制系统的组成、工作原理及特点作了论述,构成的系统具有一定的代表性。运行表明：解决了铁路道口信号与公路交通信号不兼容的问题,有效地保障了铁路道口区域过往车辆及行人的安全,取得了预期的效果。     

邯钢焦化厂回收系统废气净化工艺的改进

介绍了邯钢焦化厂煤气回收系统废气净化工艺的操作情况及存在的问题,指出了改造后的净化工艺的特点和效果。     

Environmental Accumulation of Airborne Fluorides in Romania

The nature and extent of pollution from an aluminium smelter and a fertiliser factory in Romania were studied. These are large industrial complexes, and both types of industry are known to release fluorides into the atmosphere. In grass samples collected from around the aluminium smelter, the maximum fluoride levels were found to be 4023mgkg^–1 and 162mgkg^–1 in unwashed and washed grass samples respectively, and 89mgkg^–1 in soils. For the fertiliser factory, the maximum levels in washed grasses were found to be 207mgkg^–1, and 11mgkg^–1 in the soils. In both locations, these maximum values were obtained in samples collected from within 200m of the factory limits, and compare with regional background levels of less than 10mgkg^–1 for grasses and 2mgkg^–1 for soils. The high fluoride levels of fluoride in the grasses are sufficient to give cause for concern for the effects that these could have on the local population and on grazing animals.     

轻型厂房的几种基础型式经济性比较

针对上部结构荷载不大，场地内回填土较厚且回填时间较长的某一轻型厂房，笔者选择人工挖孔桩，冲击式夯扩桩和换土垫层三种不同的基础施工方案进行比较，在保证强度、刚度、稳定性和严格控制基础沉降的前提下，从不同的角度作出工程技术经济分析，对类似工程具有一定的参考作用．     

氨法脱硫技术在化工企业燃煤锅炉中的应用

介绍了LS氨法喷雾烟气脱硫技术在云南解化集团有限公司的使用情况，针对化工企业实际情况和应用过程中出现的问题，提出改进措施和技术创新，使该项技术在应用中更加完善。